A BTS mounted on a building A base transceiver station ( BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates communication between (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like (handsets), phones, with connectivity. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like, or other (WAN) technology. BTS is also referred to as the (in Networks) or, simply, the (BS). For discussion of the standard the abbreviation for evolved node B is widely used. Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the standards, it is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the (BSS) developments for system management.
It may also have equipment for and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters), etc. May also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS.
Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent via the base station control function (BCF). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as handling and collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies. Electronic equipment box at the base of cellphone tower at, India A BTS is usually composed of: Transceiver (TRX) Provides transmission and reception of signals.
UMTS System Architecture and Protocol Architecture Overview on overall system architecture – UMTS network architecture and elements – Mobile station. BTS BTS Um RNC Abis MSC B PSTN PSTN Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.4.0 cell Circuit switched CN Packet switched CN GSM RAN UTRAN.
It also does sending and reception of signals to and from higher network entities (like the in mobile telephony). Power amplifier (PA) Amplifies the signal from TRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrated with TRX. Combiner Combines feeds from several TRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used.
Multiplexer For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and receiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna).
Antenna This is the structure that the BTS lies underneath; it can be installed as it is or disguised in some way. Alarm extension system Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to operations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations. Control function Controls and manages the various units of BTS, including any software. On-the-spot configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. Are done through the control function.
Baseband receiver unit (BBxx) Frequency hopping, signal DSP. Terms regarding a mobile BTS Diversity techniques To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at a distance equal to an odd multiple of a quarter of the corresponding wavelength.
For 900 MHz, this wavelength is 33 cm. This technique, known as antenna diversity or, avoids interruption caused by path. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing requires more complex installation, but brings better performance.
Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other such as frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity. Splitting refers to the flow of power within a particular area of the cell, known as a sector. Every field can therefore be considered like one new cell. Directional antennas reduce LoRa (Long Range) interference. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an, which radiates in all directions.
A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are three sectors served by separate antennas. Each sector has a separate direction of tracking, typically of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. Other orientations may be used to suit the local conditions. Bisectored cells are also implemented. These are most often oriented with the antennas serving sectors of 180° separation to one another, but again, local variations do exist. See also. Further reading.
Satoshi Maruyama; Katsuhiko Tanahashi; Takehiko Higuchi (2002). External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. References.
The BSS is composed of two parts:. The Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The Base Station Controller (BSC) The BTS and the BSC communicate across the specified Abis interface, enabling operations between components that are made by different suppliers.
The radio components of a BSS may consist of four to seven or nine cells. A BSS may have one or more base stations.
The BSS uses the Abis interface between the BTS and the BSC. A separate high-speed line (T1 or E1) is then connected from the BSS to the Mobile MSC. The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) The BTS houses the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the radio link protocols with the MS. In a large urban area, a large number of BTSs may be deployed. The BTS corresponds to the transceivers and antennas used in each cell of the network. A BTS is usually placed in the center of a cell.
Its transmitting power defines the size of a cell. Each BTS has between 1 and 16 transceivers, depending on the density of users in the cell. Each BTS serves as a single cell. It also includes the following functions:. Encoding, encrypting, multiplexing, modulating, and feeding the RF signals to the antenna.
Transcoding and rate adaptation. Time and frequency synchronizing. Voice through full- or half-rate services.
Decoding, decrypting, and equalizing received signals. Random access detection. Timing advances. Uplink channel measurements The Base Station Controller (BSC) The BSC manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. It handles radio channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers. The BSC is the connection between the mobile and the MSC. The BSC also translates the 13 Kbps voice channel used over the radio link to the standard 64 Kbps channel used by the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSDN) or ISDN.
It assigns and releases frequencies and time slots for the MS. The BSC also handles intercell handover. It controls the power transmission of the BSS and MS in its area. The function of the BSC is to allocate the necessary time slots between the BTS and the MSC. It is a switching device that handles the radio resources. Additional functions include:. Control of frequency hopping.
Performing traffic concentration to reduce the number of lines from the MSC. Providing an interface to the Operations and Maintenance Center for the BSS. Reallocation of frequencies among BTSs. Time and frequency synchronization.
Power management. Time-delay measurements of received signals from the MS.